According to 2008 Census from the National Institute of Statistics, there are 12,689 people of Spanish nationality using Centeno as surname. This study discriminates paternal surname use (Apellido 1), maternal surname use (Apellido 2) and both.

The geographical distribution on Spanish territory is the one presented on the map (click to enlarge).

Apart from Madrid and Barcelona, which have had a very strong centrality in recent demographics, it is nevertheless interesting that the provinces where there are currently more Centenos are precisely those that are historically associated with the family name, that is all the western border of Spain, close to Portugal. Thus, the highest concentrations are found in the province of Zamora (1,378 people), in current autonomous region of Castilla-León; comes after the province of Badajoz (1,159 people), in Extremadura region; and thirdly the Province of Seville (990 people) in Andalusia.

Click to view a detailed chart for provinces, with the distribution of people with the surname Centeno by place of birth (source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística)